Candidiasis (also known as moniliasis) is a fungal infection that may affect the mouth, vagina, gastro-intestinal tract, skin, nails or mucous membranes (nose etc.) throughout the body. The infection can spread from genitals and mouth to other moist areas of the body. Normally, the body harbors a small amount of the fungus Candida albicans, in addition to some harmless bacteria that compete with this fungus and thus keep it under control. If the nmber of such bacteria diminish for some reason (with the use of antibiotics, for example), the fungus may grow without restriction and begin to cause symptoms.
Candidiasis occurring in the vagina (commonly known as yeast infection) is very common and tends to recur, but it is not serious. However, among drug addicts and immunosuppressed or other seriously ill people, the Candida fungus may enter the blood stream and invade the kidney, heart, or brain, although it is rare.
CAUSES
The use of antibiotics may kill the bacteria that normally keep the fungus in check. Oral contraceptives or pregnancy may disrupt the normal acidity and moisture of the vagina, thus promoting a yeast infection.
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Vaginal itching, discomfort, and redness, in addition to a thick, white, odorless discharge. Vaginal infections may also cause discomfort during urination and sexual intercourse.
Oral infections (thrush) produce a cream-colored or bluish-white discharge on the tongue or mouth, possibly causing a sore throat.
Skin infections produce an itchy, red rash with flaky white patches. In infants, skin infections may appear as a diaper rash.
Male genital infections produce inflammation of the head of the penis (balanitis).
serious, widespread infections may produce chills, fever, and severe malaise.
PREVENION
women should wear cotton undergarments. Nylon fibers, which do not "breathe," create a warm, moist environment that may encourage fungal growth. Avoid sexual intercourse with a partner infected with C. albicans until the infection is cured. Women prone to candidiasis and using oral contraceptives should consider other birth control methods.
Pregnant women in the third trimester should be examined for candidiasis to avoid spreading an infection to the baby.
TREATMENT
For candidiasis of the vagina, penis, mouth, or throat, your doctor may prescribe antifungal creams, suppositories, or tablets. Preparations for vaginal yeast infections are also available over the counter but consider seeing a doctor before initial use. Intravenous antifungal drugs may be prescribed in severe cases of candidiasis of the mouth, digestive system, or other internal organs.