Herpes simplex is a virus that is responsible for cold sores and genital herpes. There are 2 types of herpes simplex virus: type 1 (HSV-1 ) is most often responsible for cold sores (also referred to as fever blisters), while type 2 (HSV-2) is responsible for nearly 90% of cases of genital herpes (the remaining 10% are caused by HSV-1).
In some people (mostly children) an initial HSV-1 infection may cause fever, painful swelling and open sores on the gums and inside the cheeks, or a painful, sore throat. When these herpes symptoms do develop, they usually begin 2 to 12 days after exposure to someone with HSV-1.
Symptoms of a first episode of HSV-2 usually appear within 2 to 10 days of exposure to the virus and last an average of 2 to 3 weeks. Early symtoms can include an itching and burning sensation; pain in the legs, buttocks, or genital area; vaginal discharge; or a feeling of pressure in the abdominal region. Within a few days, sores (lesions) appear at the site of infection. Lesions also can occur on the cervix in women or in the urinary passage in men. These small red bumps may develop into blisters or painful open sores. Over a period of days, the sores become crusted and then heal without scarring. Other symptoms tha may accompany a primary episode of genital herpes can include fever, headache, muscle aches, painful or difficult urination, vaginal discharge, and swollen glands in the groin area.
After initial infection in the skin or mucous membranes, the virus travels to the sensory nerves at the end of the spinal cord and makes a home. In most people, the virus becomes dormant (inactive). In others, however, it can be reactivated by trauma or stress, and whenever the immune system fails to keep it in check. When the virus becomes reactivated, it travels along the nerves to the skin, where it multiplies on the surface at or near the site of the original herpes sores, causing new sores to erupt. It also can reactivate without causing any visible sores.
Recurrent herpes attacks are a clear sign that the immune system needs support.
Conventional Drugs
Oral antiviral agents: acyclovir (zovirax); famciclovir (famvir); foscarnet sodium (Foscarvir); valacyclovir (Valtrex).